): Damian van Melis, Henrik Bispinck (eds. By the 1950s, the GDR began to tighten its emigration laws and stigmatize Republikflucht in an attempt to curtail legal emigration, including requiring de-registration with East German authorities and permission to the leave the country under threat of prison sentences up to three years. Retrouvez Republikflucht und Folgen für die DDR-Literatur. Im Rahmen des 4. Ein Vergleich von Christa Wolfs "Der geteilte Himmel mit Brigitte Reimanns "Die Geschwister et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. The trial was postponed due to his bad health, and he died in 1994. By the 1950s, the GDR began to tighten its emigration laws and stigmatize Republikflucht in an attempt to curtail legal emigration, including requiring de-registration with East German authorities and permission to the leave the country under threat of prison sentences up to three years. Er versuchte, aus der DDR abzuhauen - und wurde gefasst. Aggravating circumstances exist when the act endangers people's lives or health; is committed while carrying weapons or using dangerous means or methods; is executed with particular intensity; occurs by means of fraudulent alteration of documents, false notarization, or misuse of official documents or by using a hiding place; is committed in concert with others; the perpetrator has been sentenced for illegally crossing the border before. Republikflucht ist ein ursprünglich [...] in der ehemaligen DDR geschaffener Begriff, der das "ohne behördliche Genehmigung erfolgte Verlassen des Landes" unter Strafe stellt15 . Flucht aus der DDR Ein Vortrag von Emilia und Marie Ende Zahlen und Fakten 3,8 Millionen Menschen verließen illegal DDR (1949-1990) 400.000 kehrten zurück Wegen Fluchtversuchen 75.000 Menschen verurteilt Flucht während der WM 1974 3 junge Männer Über Bulgarien nach Aggravating circumstances exist when the act endangers people's lives or health; is committed while carrying weapons or using dangerous means or methods; is executed with particular intensity; occurs by means of fraudulent alteration of documents, false notarization, or misuse of official documents or by using a hiding place; is committed in concert with others; the perpetrator has been sentenced for illegally crossing the border before. Forsøg på at forlade DDR blev straffet hårdt, og mange blev dræbt under forsøget. De få successer, som DDR kunne opnå blev opnået på et bagtæppe af trusler om straf og isolation. Anyone who illegally crosses the border of the German Democratic Republic or otherwise violates the regulations pertaining to temporary visits to the German Democratic Republic or transit through the German Democratic Republic will be punished with imprisonment of up to two years or sentenced to probation, detention, or a fine. По мащабите си се оценява като народно въстание (Volksaufstand in der DDR) или въстание на работниците (Arbeiteraufstand). dict.cc German-English Dictionary: Translation for Republikflucht [DDR] Henrik Bispinck, ""Republikflucht". Dezember 1957; Mit Vollgas über die Grenze: junger Familie gelingt spektakuläre Flucht aus der DDR, 3. In der Behörden- und Propagandasprache trat der ungesetzliche Grenzübertritt nach Erlass des Gesetzes an die Stelle der Republikflucht als Bezeichnung … Republikflucht (dansk: Republikflugt) var den betegnelse, som det kommunstiske styre i DDR anvendte om sine indbyggeres forsøg på at forlade landet til fordel for Vesttyskland eller andre vestlige (ikke-socialistiske) lande. Flucht und Ausreise als Problem der DDR-Führung", in: Dierk Hoffmann, Michael Schwartz, Hermann Wentker (eds.). Am 11. Flucht aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR – im Sprachgebrauch der DDR „Republikflucht“ – war das Verlassen der DDR oder ihres Vorläufers, der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone , oder Ost-Berlins ohne Genehmigung der Behörden. Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism, whether they know it or not. They had to have fled before 1 July 1990 in an attempt to rescue themselves from an emergency situation – especially one posing a threat to health, life, personal freedom, or freedom of conscience – created by the political conditions imposed by the regime in the territory from which they had escaped (BVFG § 3). KMS Graf Spee - Guide 075 (Extended) - … [1], Some estimates put the number of those who left the East Berlin, the Soviet occupation zone, and the GDR between 1945 and 1961 at between 3 and 3.5 million people. Erfasst werden Artikel, die sich hauptsächlich mit der Flucht aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR befassen. [6], Berlin Wall construction and criminalized emigration, refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era, having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape, Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border, "Ex-Chief of E. German Secret Police Freed : Europe: Court releases Erich Mielke. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Einleitung In der DDR wurde der Begriff „Republikflucht“ als „Flucht aus der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik“ bezeichnet. Republikflucht was effectively criminalized after the GDR began erecting the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, which saw the extreme tightening of emigration across the Iron Curtain. Republikflucht (German for "desertion from the republic") was the official term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. Henrik Bispinck, "Flucht- und Ausreisebewegung als Krisenphänomene: 1953 und 1989 im Vergleich", in: Henrik Bispinck, Jürgen Danyel, Hans-Hermann Hertle, Hermann Wentker (eds. ), This page was last edited on 15 November 2020, at 07:07. Republikflucht is a German term which translates to "desertion from the republic" or "flight from the republic" with migrants known as "Republikflüchtling(e)" ("deserter(s) from the republic"). Any citizen of the German Democratic Republic who in violation of the law does not return to the German Democratic Republic by the due date stated or who violates government guidelines for his stay abroad will likewise be punished. Този акт на недоволство и отправените от него политически послания е популярен и под наименованието Берлинско въ� In November 1994, however, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that the defendant was not mentally fit to stand trial. In November 1994, however, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that the defendant was not mentally fit to stand trial. noun nominative eine: die: Republikflucht: genitive einer: der: Republikflucht: dative einer: der: Republikflucht: accusative eine: die: Republikflucht: Synonyms . He served time for 1931 killings—but not for any crime from Communist era. Republikflucht was effectively criminalized after the GDR began erecting the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, which saw the extreme tightening of emigration across the Iron Curtain. Juli 1968 nach § 213 des Strafgesetzbuches der DDR eine strafbare Handlung, für die in leichten Fällen Strafen von Geldstrafe bis zu zwei Jahren Freiheitsentzug und in schweren Fällen Strafen von ein bis acht Jahren Freiheitsentzug vorgesehen waren. Is it not an act of political depravity when citizens, whether young people, workers, or members of the intelligentsia, leave and betray what our people have created through common labor in our republic to offer themselves to the American or British secret services or work for the West German factory owners, Junkers, or militarists? Det var en makke-ret stat, hvor flertallet var tvunget til at følge fåtallet uden mulighed for at vælge andet eller for at flytte … Nachdem die zunehmende Flucht von der Regierung der DDR als Problem erkannt wurde, erging die Verordnung über die Rückgabe Deutscher Personalausweise bei Übersiedlung nach Westdeutschland oder W… Declension of Republikflucht (uncountable) singular indef. Former Stasi chief Erich Mielke was also put on trial on the same charge. Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism, whether they know it or not. 2:57. 1. Künftig kann ……………………… bis zu drei Jahren oder ……………………………..bestraft werden, "wer ohne erforderliche Genehmigung das Gebiet der DDR verläßt oder durch falsche Angaben …….. …………………….. zum Verlassen der DDR … The term was first used in 1945 almost immediately after World War II by officials in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, four years before the establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany or GDR), in reference to the large number of Germans legally migrating westward to the American, British, and French zones of occupation. Flucht und Ausreise als Problem der DDR-Führung", in: Dierk Hoffmann, Michael Schwartz, Hermann Wentker (eds.). They had to have fled before 1 July 1990 in an attempt to rescue themselves from an emergency situation – especially one posing a threat to health, life, personal freedom, or freedom of conscience – created by the political conditions imposed by the regime in the territory from which they had escaped (BVFG § 3). The number of people leaving the GDR following the construction of the Berlin Wall dropped sharply from hundreds of thousands to only several hundred per year. RepublikFlucht.US. Republikflucht - Der Weg in den Westen Die Mauer - Aufbau Notaufnahmelager Marienfelde Die Flucht Zahlen: "Grenzbrecher" : 5075 St. Festnahmen: 3221 St. Schussabgaben: 1709 St. Todesopfer in Berlin: 138 St. Todesfälle außerhalb: 251 St. unbekannte Anzahl Gesamt Der ungesetzliche Grenzübertritt war in der DDR mit Inkrafttreten des Strafgesetzbuches der DDR am 1. The number of people leaving the GDR following the construction of the Berlin Wall dropped sharply from hundreds of thousands to only several hundred per year. Republikflucht - Fluch... My Searches (0) My Cart Added To Cart Check Out. Back to school tools to make transitioning to the new year totally seamless Those who fled across the fortified borders did so at considerable personal risk of injury or death (see: List of deaths at the Berlin Wall), with several hundred Republikflüchtlinge dying in accidents or by being shot by the GDR Border Troops, while some 75,000 were caught and imprisoned. A propaganda booklet published by the GDR's ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1955 for the use of party agitators outlined the seriousness of "flight from the republic": Both from the moral standpoint as well as in terms of the interests of the whole German nation, leaving the GDR is an act of political and moral backwardness and depravity. -Gründe einer Flucht -Fluchtversuche -Fluchttunnel -Fluchthelfer -Folgen für die DDR -Quellen Monday, Juni 17, 2017 1945: Die DDR revidiert das 1954 erlassene Passgesetz und stellt jede unerlaubte Ausreise unter Strafe, 11. In case of aggravating circumstances, the perpetrator will be punished with imprisonment between one and eight years. Republikflucht f (genitive Republikflucht, no plural) (euphemistic) the act of leaving East Germany for (in most cases) West Germany; Declension . Indledningsoplægget blev brugt til refleksion over emnet og stillingtagen til definition og diskussion af begrebet straf og straffesystemet som helhed Væsentligste arbejdsformer Klasseundervisning, skriftlige opgaver (referater på henholdsvis tysk og dansk), diskussions- og panelopgaver, præsentationsopgaver i grupper med perspektivering Article 213 of the GDR Penal Code of 1979 also made it quite clear that crossing the border without first obtaining government authorization would not be taken lightly: Between 1961 and 1989 several thousand East German citizens emigrated by obtaining temporary exit visas and subsequently failing to return, or by engaging in dangerous attempts to cross the Berlin Wall, the Inner German border, or the borders of other Eastern Bloc countries. ), This page was last edited on 15 November 2020, at 07:07. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. Die Strafe: 22 Monate Haft für Republikflucht. ... [W]orkers throughout Germany will demand punishment for those who today leave the German Democratic Republic, the strong bastion of the fight for peace, to serve the deadly enemy of the German people, the imperialists and militarists. Republikflucht applied to both the millions of Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 December 1989. Is it not an act of political depravity when citizens, whether young people, workers, or members of the intelligentsia, leave and betray what our people have created through common labor in our republic to offer themselves to the American or British secret services or work for the West German factory owners, Junkers, or militarists? Dezember 1957 wird von der Volkskammer ………………………geändert. Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a "guaranteed future" one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting, and is already showing the first fruits, for the place that favors a new war and destruction? Does not leaving the land of progress for the morass of an historically outdated social order demonstrate political backwardness and blindness? Noté /5. In case of aggravating circumstances, the perpetrator will be punished with imprisonment between one and eight years. [2][3] Close to one million of those who left were refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era initially stranded in the Soviet zone or East Berlin.[4]. Subjects. ): Damian van Melis, Henrik Bispinck (eds. Republikflucht was the official term in the German Democratic Republic for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. Warum fliehen? Republikflucht applied to both the millions of Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 December 1989. [citation needed] West Germany allowed refugees from the Soviet sector of Berlin, the Soviet zone, or East Germany to apply to be accepted as Vertriebene (expellees) of the sub-group of Soviet Zone Refugees (Sowjetzonenflüchtlinge) under the Federal Expellee Law (BVFG § 3), and thus receive support from the West German government. Themenkategorie zur Flucht aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR. Republikflucht (German for "desertion from the republic") was the official term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. "Republikflucht" (§§ 213, 214 StGB/DDR): Gesetzgeberische Entwicklung, Einfluss des MfS und Gerichtspraxis am Beispiel von Sachsen (Juristische Zeitgeschichte / Abteilung 3 45) (German Edition) eBook: Andrea Schurig: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Republikflucht applied to both the millions of Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 … Von der Gründung der DDR am 7. [1], Some estimates put the number of those who left the East Berlin, the Soviet occupation zone, and the GDR between 1945 and 1961 at between 3 and 3.5 million people. The law did not apply to influential former supporters of the eastern political system or to offenders against legality and humanity during the period of Nazi rule or thereafter within East Berlin or East Germany, and finally it was applicable to any who had fought against the democracy in West Germany or West Berlin (BVFG § 3 (2)). The establishment of the GDR in October 1949 saw the continued usage of the term by authorities to describe the process of, and the person(s), leaving for a life in West Germany and West Berlin, or any other Western or non-Warsaw Pact countries. def. Those who fled across the fortified borders did so at considerable personal risk of injury or death (see: List of deaths at the Berlin Wall), with several hundred Republikflüchtlinge dying in accidents or by being shot by the GDR Border Troops, while some 75,000 were caught and imprisoned. Wie Christian J. Th. The law did not apply to influential former supporters of the eastern political system or to offenders against legality and humanity during the period of Nazi rule or thereafter within East Berlin or East Germany, and finally it was applicable to any who had fought against the democracy in West Germany or West Berlin (BVFG § 3 (2)). Blog. ", http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/cold/articles/major.html, http://www.refugee.org.nz/Headnotes/thes.html#R, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=109649, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republikflucht&oldid=988788756, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Henrik Bispinck, ""Republikflucht". Any citizen of the German Democratic Republic who in violation of the law does not return to the German Democratic Republic by the due date stated or who violates government guidelines for his stay abroad will likewise be punished. He served time for 1931 killings—but not for any crime from Communist era. Anyone who illegally crosses the border of the German Democratic Republic or otherwise violates the regulations pertaining to temporary visits to the German Democratic Republic or transit through the German Democratic Republic will be punished with imprisonment of up to two years or sentenced to probation, detention, or a fine. 311 Tod oder Freiheit? In der BRD nannte man es „Delikt, das im (versuchten) widerrechtlichen Verlassen der DDR besteht. Koch Einzel-, Dunkelhaft und sadistische Stasi-Wärter überlebte. Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a "guaranteed future" one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting, and is already showing the first fruits, for the place that favors a new war and destruction? Translations in context of "Republikflucht" in German-English from Reverso Context: Ich verhafte Sie alle wegen versuchter Republikflucht. Preparation and attempts are both punishable under the law. [citation needed] West Germany allowed refugees from the Soviet sector of Berlin, the Soviet zone, or East Germany to apply to be accepted as Vertriebene (expellees) of the sub-group of Soviet Zone Refugees (Sowjetzonenflüchtlinge) under the Federal Expellee Law (BVFG § 3), and thus receive support from the West German government. ,,Wo man Gefahren nicht besiegen kann, ist Flucht der Sieg.`` - Zeitübersicht - Tod oder Freiheit? Republikflucht is a German term which translates to "desertion from the republic" or "flight from the republic" with migrants known as "Republikflüchtling(e)" ("deserter(s) from the republic"). Historien om DDR er vigtig og en alle bør kende. Former Stasi chief Erich Mielke was also put on trial on the same charge. A propaganda booklet published by the GDR's ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1955 for the use of party agitators outlined the seriousness of "flight from the republic": Both from the moral standpoint as well as in terms of the interests of the whole German nation, leaving the GDR is an act of political and moral backwardness and depravity. [2][3] Close to one million of those who left were refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era initially stranded in the Soviet zone or East Berlin.[4]. Does not leaving the land of progress for the morass of an historically outdated social order demonstrate political backwardness and blindness? Preparation and attempts are both punishable under the law. The trial was postponed due to his bad health, and he died in 1994. -- If we are really living inside a simulation, could someone please hit reset? [6], Berlin Wall construction and criminalized emigration, refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era, having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape, Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border, "Ex-Chief of E. German Secret Police Freed : Europe: Court releases Erich Mielke. The term was first used in 1945 almost immediately after World War II by officials in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, four years before the establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany or GDR), in reference to the large number of Germans legally migrating westward to the American, British, and French zones of occupation. Der DDR-Fluchtballon von Naila ... Rolf-Dieter Weske: Verhaftung wegen "Republikflucht" - Duration: 2:57. zeitzeugen-portal 857 views. Bereits ab 1945  vor Gründung der DDR (1949)  verließen Tausende das Gebiet der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ) in Richtung West-Berlin oder Westdeutschland, ohne sich abzumelden oder eine Genehmigung einzuholen. Article 213 of the GDR Penal Code of 1979 also made it quite clear that crossing the border without first obtaining government authorization would not be taken lightly: Between 1961 and 1989 several thousand East German citizens emigrated by obtaining temporary exit visas and subsequently failing to return, or by engaging in dangerous attempts to cross the Berlin Wall, the Inner German border, or the borders of other Eastern Bloc countries. ", http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/cold/articles/major.html, http://www.refugee.org.nz/Headnotes/thes.html#R, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=109649, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republikflucht&oldid=988788756, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. So it has come... November 9th, 2016, 01:30 (CET). In 1993, three years after German Reunification, the former East German leader Erich Honecker was charged with having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape. Vol XCIII, No. Menu. In 1993, three years after German Reunification, the former East German leader Erich Honecker was charged with having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape. ... [W]orkers throughout Germany will demand punishment for those who today leave the German Democratic Republic, the strong bastion of the fight for peace, to serve the deadly enemy of the German people, the imperialists and militarists. How to be charismatic – backed by science; Sept. 22, 2020. Buy "Republikflucht" (§§ 213, 214 StGB/DDR): Gesetzgeberische Entwicklung, Einfluss des MfS und Gerichtspraxis am Beispiel von Sachsen (Juristische Zeitgeschichte / Abteilung 3 45) (German Edition): Read Kindle Store Reviews - Amazon.com Henrik Bispinck, "Flucht- und Ausreisebewegung als Krisenphänomene: 1953 und 1989 im Vergleich", in: Henrik Bispinck, Jürgen Danyel, Hans-Hermann Hertle, Hermann Wentker (eds. Vom 7. Sept. 24, 2020. The establishment of the GDR in October 1949 saw the continued usage of the term by authorities to describe the process of, and the person(s), leaving for a life in West Germany and West Berlin, or any other Western or non-Warsaw Pact countries. Republikflucht (German for "desertion from the republic") was the official term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. Sächsischen Geschichtscamps entstand dieser Film über zwei Fluchtschicksale an der innerdeutschen Grenze.